We use cookies to optimize our website. These include cookies that are necessary for the operation of the site, as well as those that are only used for anonymous statistic. You can decide for yourself which categories you want to allow. Further information can be found in our data privacy protection .

Essential enable/disable

These cookies are necessary to run the core functionalities of this website and cannot be disabled.

Name	Webedition CMS
Purpose	This cookie is required by the CMS (Content Management System) Webedition for the system to function correctly. Typically, this cookie is deleted when the browser is closed.
Name	econda
Purpose	Session cookie emos_jcsid for the web analysis software econda. This runs in the “anonymized measurement” mode. There is no personal reference. As soon as the user leaves the site, tracking is ended and all data in the browser are automatically deleted.

Statistics enable/disable

These cookies help us understand how visitors interact with our website by collecting and analyzing information anonymously. Depending on the tool, one or more cookies are set by the provider.

Name	econda
Purpose	Statistics

External media enable/disable

Content from external media platforms is blocked by default. If cookies from external media are accepted, access to this content no longer requires manual consent.

Name	YouTube
Purpose	Show YouTube content
Name	Twitter
Purpose	activate Twitter Feeds

Research

Jaw Phantom

Oliver Watzke

An anthropomorphic jaw phantom is used to examine artifacts that occur in the region of the lower half of the head, especially those resulting from the high number of objects with high density and from metallic implants (crowns). A low contrast object in the tongue region serves to judge the detectability of cancers in this region.

Phantom Description

The phantom has been designed to display the most important structures in the jaw region with a minimal number of simple geometrical objects. It has a height of 10 cm and a cross section of 12-18 cm. The neck is a cylinder with cylindrical trachea and spine. While the trachea has a circular cross section the spine's cross section is elliptical and it is subdivided into vertebras. At the chin the neck abruptly meets the oval head. The jaw consists of a lower and an upper part with two rows of teeth and a small gap in between. The trachea opens into a wider oval throat and mouth that is bounded by the tongue and the roof of the mouth above which the nose begins. Among the 32 teeth 3 molars are replaced by crowns and one is removed so that a gap is left. In the tongue region a spherical low contrast object is inserted representing a cancer. The densities are as follows:

•    body tissue: 1 (equivalent to water)
•    bone (jaw, spine): 2
•    bone marrow: 1.1
•    teeth: 1.2
•    golden crowns: 19.3
•    tongue cancer: 1.01

Files

• Phantom Definition
• Syntax Explanation