Functional Genome Analysis  (B070)
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Archive      Proteomics  -  Protein Microarrays

 

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Combinatorial peptide synthesis with laser-based transfer of monomers

              
 

Laser writing is used to structure surfaces in many different ways in materials and life sciences. However, combinatorial patterning applications are still limited. In a collaborative project coordinated by colleagues at KIT, a method was developed for cost-efficient combinatorial synthesis of very-high-density peptide arrays with natural and synthetic monomers. A laser automatically transfers nanometre-thin solid material spots from different donor slides to an acceptor. Each donor bears a thin polymer film, embedding one type of monomer. Coupling occurs in a separate heating step, where the matrix becomes viscous and building blocks diffuse and couple to the acceptor surface. Furthermore, two material layers of activation reagents and amino acids can be deposited consecutively. Subsequent heat-induced mixing facilitates an in situ activation and coupling of the monomers. This allows to incorporate building blocks with click chemistry compatibility or a large variety of commercially available non-activated, for example, post-translationally modified building blocks into the array’s peptides with >17,000 spots per square centimetre.

Loeffler et al. (2016) Nature Comm. 7, 11844. pdf icon











image of two protein arraysschematic presentation of the processProduction of high-density protein-microarrays by cell-free in situ expression

             
  logo EU FP7 


Due to the success of DNA-microarrays and the growing numbers of available protein expression clones, protein microarrays become more and more popular for the high-throughput screening of protein interactions. However, the widespread applicability of protein microarrays for this and other applications is hampered by the large effort associated with their production. Beside the requirement for a protein expression library, the actual protein expression and purification represents bottleneck.
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As part of the EU-funded MolTools project (and several others thereafter), we established a process that allows the generation of protein microarrays from process by which proteins are expressed from unbound DNA template molecules on the microarray surface (or on any solid support). It comprises the spotting of DNA templates onto the surface and the transfer of a cell-free transcription and translation mix on top of the same spot in a second spotting run. We demonstrated the time and template dependence of this coupled transcription and translation and showed that enough protein is produced to yield signals that are comparable to 300 µg/ml of spotted protein. Plasmids as well as unpurified PCR-products can be used as templates and as little as 35 fg of PCR-product (~22,500 molecules) are sufficient for the expression of full-length proteins.
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We adapted the system to the high-throughput expression of libraries by designing a single primer pair harbouring promoter, ribosomal binding site and terminator sequences for an on the chip expression of a multitude of such PCR-products. Utilising full-length cDNA libraries of overall 16,000 human clones and PCR-primers directed at all genes of various other organisms, we are producing such microarrays for various types of analysis.
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Utilising the capability of detecting the interaction of individual molecules and therefore being able to count the actual number of interacting molecules, we are able to perform interaction studies in a really quantitative manner.




Schmidt et al. (2011) J. Prot. Res. 10, 1316-1322. pdf icon


Angenendt et al. (2006) Mol. Cell. Prot. 5, 1658-1666. pdf icon


Sobek et al. (2006) Comb. Chem. High-Throughput Screening 9, 365-380. pdf icon


Kersten et al. (2005) Expert Rev. Proteomics 2, 499-510. pdf icon


Angenendt, P. (2005) Drug Discovery Today 10, 503-511. pdf icon



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